Apparatus applicable for illuminating cavities or surfaces.



R. BIQUARD. APPARATUS APPLICABLE FOR ILLUMINATING CAVITIES 0R SURFACES.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 11, 1913.

- Patented June 22, 1915 WITNESSES j 5). flam- I rent {BIQUARIL or rants, rnancn, assrenon To miusntnnnmar cannon, AND ,nnunr nommcr. ALL or rams. FRANCE.

' entirely sheathed in fine tubes of arrn'rus APPLICABLE roe ILLUMINATING cavrrzns on sunrncns'.

iaaeaa.

Application filed June 11, 1913. Serial No. r73,o42.

To aZZ whom it may concern H Be it known that I, ROBERT BIQ'UARD, engineer, a citizen of the Republic of France, residing at Paris, France have invented certainncw and useful Improvements in Ap paratus Applicable for Illuminating Cavithe following is a employment, of a refractory rod of rare.

earth raised to-incandescence by an electric current and disposed in a double inclosure or jacket in which circulates a current of water or of a solution capable of absorbing the heat rays. The luminouslrod employed is such as those used in Nernst lamps. It is used in preference to metallic filaments (although metallic filaments may be used), because in spite of its small length (2 to-4 centimeters) the rod of rare earth when hot possesses suflicient resistance to withstand the usual voltages of electric mains, say 110 to 220 volts. A metallic filament would need to be 15 to 30 times as long. The rod receives the current in the neighborhood of its two ends by platinum wires which are quartz or other material of like refractory and insulating character. A tube of quartz or other material as refractory 1 introducing the luminous rod into its sheath and for insulating from e'achother the two wires that supply the current to the rod.

The drawings accompanying this specification illustrate myinvention. l

Figure 1 is a view partly in elevation and partly in central section of the interior parts of one form of my improved lamp; Fig. 2 is a similar View of another form;

Figs. 3 and 4 are broken away views of a form of lamp employing a plurality of re-' fractory rods; these viewsare shown at approximately right angles to each other;

Fig. 5 is a view partly in elevation and partly in central section of one form of my improved apparatus; Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section of a form of Specification of, Letters Patent.

raised to incandescence.

the platinum wires a as v quartz serves for,

form

quartz. .silvered if it is desired to localize the lumi water jacket; Fig. 7 is Patented a cross-section of the deviceshown in Fig. 6; and Fig. 8 illustrates another form of arrangement of jacket or outer tube.

Fig. 1 of the accompanying'drawin'gs represents a straight rod together with the sheathed platinum wires that serve to supply the current thereto. A is the rod to be electric current by means-of the platinum wires a b fitted in tubes or sheaths c d.

B is a tube of quartz serving'as a support.

Fig. 2 represents a curved rod having its two poles adjacent to each other. In this June 22,1915.

This receives the case also the current is supplied with the aid of two platinum wires sheathed or inclosed in quartz.

Figs. 3 and 4 are views at right angles to each other showing a construction with two rods A. disposed side by side, three rods might be has a slightly enlarged head f provided with two lateral openings 9 it through which pass a that connect the rods to one of the electrodes. These platinum wires pass outv through the opening .2, where they are attached to aplatinum wire 7' connected to one of the poles of the circuit.

The other ends of the rods A are inserted into small funnels 7a terminating in tubes containing the platinum wires b that connect the rodsto the second electrode. The cooling liquid is around a quartz Figs. 5, 6,? and a diameter just nous rod A and tube C (see'the examples 8) closed at one end and of suflicient to admit the lumiits attachments. Theexte- IlOI' space in which the cooling liquid cir-' culates may be ofvarious forms.

Fig. 5 shows an arrangement of tubular into a cavity. The double inclosure or cool ing jacket is in-this case formed of two concentric tubes C"D,.the inner of which C is of quartz and the outer one D of glass or One of these tubes may be partly nous emission to a certain region of the tube. The coolingliquid is admitted by a tube m extending to the end of the outer tube, and issues by a tube n. These tubes m and 11. may be ofglass or. of thin metal.

Figs. 6 and 7 show respectively in vertical causedto flow or circulate employed if desired. These rods are mounted as follows z-Acentral tube 6 and suitable for introducing the light and horizontal section an example of construction intended for sending the whole of the light on toa small plane surface. For this purpose the outer acket is formed of a casing 0 entirely 'of glass and in one piece. This casing affects the form of a paraboloid having two fiat sides or walls, and near the side or wall which is of smaller diameter are branched two nipples or connections at 'n for establishing a supply or circulation of water. The upper tubular portion ;0 on which is branched the lateral pipe or nipple a for the outlet of the water is extended upward to receive the luminous device which is thus kept parallel to the side or wall q of the casing o. Hermetic mounting of the luminous device in the tubular portion p is .insured by a metallic screw joint r; This apparatus is silvered all over its outer surface with the exception of the front surface s.

The Whole of the parabolic surface of the glass casing and its back wall 9 form reflecting surfaces which direct to the front wall of the casing the light rays cooled by the water flowing or circulating through the casing. As the transparent front wall 8 of the said glass casing forms part of the easing itself, there is no joint at its-periphery. This apparatus can be readily sterilized. The silvering of this apparatus is applied on the outer surface and preferably in the following manner in order to provide a perfectly. smooth and very strong and durable reflecting surface economically: coating of silver is first deposited in the way usual for silvering mirrors, and a coating of any desired thickness is galvanically deposited upon this" layer of silver. This method has the advantage not only of consolidating the first layer of silver but of strengthening the glass itself, so that the casing is not fragile.

Fig. represents a form inclosing jacket or casing intended for directing all the light to the conical extremity v by reflection from the conical reflecting surfaces 25 u.

/ The jacket or casing in which the cooling liquid circulates is bounded internally by the quartz tube C'and externally by a tube E of glass or quartz of cylindro-conical form, silvered over the part a. The liquid is led to the end '1) by a small tube a: passing through the cone t.

For using the various devices before de- I scrlbed it 1s necessary onstarting to T3186 therod of refractoryearth to incandescence by some external heating means. The rod is withdrawn from the quartz tube for this purpose and is reinserted into same when it is sufficiently incandescent to have become a conductor. H

The cool source of electric light provided as hereinbefore described is particularly suitable for-illuminating naturaland I pathological cavities, and for phototherapy,

luminous projection by transparence or reflection and illuminating microscopes or ultramicroscopes.

In cases where it is not necessary to produce great luminous-intensity (say up to 10 or 20 candle power for example) and where the total size of the apparatus may be fairly large, a metallic filament may be employed insteadof the filament of rare earth. This \substitution could not be made if the luminous intensitics required were considerable or if the sheath of the filament had to be very small because. the relatively rapid blackening of this sheath or tube due to the volatilization of the metal would necessitate too frequent replacement of the lamps or at least cleaning of the same, which would be expensive owing to the necessity for producing the vacuum again. It is not so with the filament of rare earth, as this only produces an insignificant deposit on the sheath or tube with high luminous intensities, and

this deposit can be easily removed by cleaning, as the filaments can be withdrawn and replaced without a special operation.

lVhat I claim an d desire to secure by Lettors Patent is:

1. In a device of the character specified the combination with a pair of .quartz tubes, a rod of refractory oxid carried by said tubes, electric wires disposed in the tubes and connected to the said rod, and a support for said tubes.

2. In a device of the character specified the combination with a pair of quartz tubes, a rod of refractory oXid carried by said tubes, electric wires disposed in the tubes and connected to the said rod, a support for said tubes, and a quartz tube closed at one end and of a diameter just sutlicicnt to admit the rod and its associated parts.

3. In a device of the character specified the combination with a pair of quartz tubes, a rod of refractory oXid carried by said tubes, electric wires disposed in the tubes and connected to the said rod, a support for said tubes, a quartz tube closed at one end and of a diameter just sufficient to admit the rod and its associated parts, and a water jacket surrounding the said quartz tube.

4. In a device of the character specified the. combination with a pair of quartz tubes, a** 'od of refractory oXid carried by said tubes, electric wires disposed in the tubes and connected to the said rod, a support for said tubes, a quartz tube closed at one end and of a diameter just sufficient to admit the rod and its associated parts, a water jacket surrounding the said quartz tube, and means for maintaining a circulation through said jacket.

5. In a device of the character specified the combination with a pair of quartz tubes, a rod of refractory oXid carried by said tubes,'electric wires disposed in the tubes and connected to the said rod, a support for said tubes, a quartz tube closed at one end and of a diameter just sufiici ent to admit the rod and its associated parts, and a water jacket surrounding the said quartz tube, said jacket having portions of its surface reflectory.

6. In a device of the character specified the combination with a pair of quartz tubesa rod' of refractory oxid carried by said tubes, electric wires disposed in the tubes I and connected to the said rod, a support for said tubes, a quartz tube closed at one end and of a diameter just sufficient to admit it the rod and its associated parts, and a Water jacket surrounding the said quartz tube,

the internal wall forming the water jacket being of a single piece of glass, a portion thereof being of parabolic formation, the conical surfaces being reflective, and the portion of the inclosing quartz tube adjacent the refractory rod position being located in such position that a large body of cooling fluid will surround the same and the light will be reflected outwardly.

1 In witness whereof, I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ROBERT BIQUAJRD. .Witnesses:

' LUomN MEMMINGER,

RENE BARDY. 

